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Breast Cancer is characterized by the development of cancerous tumors in the glandular cells of the breast. With early detection and prompt and proper treatment, the prognosis for women with breast cancer may be favorable.

No one Understands why some women develop breast cancer and others don't. Even though the disease may affect younger women, 75 percent of all breast cancer occurs in women age 50 or older. Some of the noted risks factors include genetics or behavioral, exposure to estrogen, demographic variables (age, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), nutrition and lifestyle, and smoking.

Symptoms of breast cancer are barely noticeable when it The most typical symptom is an abnormal lump or swelling in the breast, but bumps may also look beside the breast or under the arm. Other symptoms may include irregular breast pain, abnormal breast discharge, changes in breast texture, or changes in the skin on or around the breast.

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To Screen or not to display - that's the dilemma. The issue isn't only medical but also a matter of economics.

The Objective of Screening women for breast cancer is to detect cancer in its earliest stage when surgery and medical therapy can be most effective in reducing mortality. Screening is only beneficial when an earlier identification causes a decrease in mortality and morbidity and when the risks of the screening test are reduced. There are 3 methods for breast cancer screening that are now practiced: X-ray mammography, clinical breast examination and breast feeding self-examination.

Of the Three screening methods, the most dependable by far is mammography. However, the principal way of identification - and many believe the only definitive one - is biopsy - a minor surgical procedure where the bulge or portion of the lump is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells.

Mammography

A Mammogram is a special x ray of the breast which often can detect cancers that are too small for a woman or her doctor to feel. The quantity of radiation required to make a clear mammogram (image) changes with breast size and density. To avoid undue exposure it's highly desirable to use the lowest possible dose of radiation necessary.

A mammogram Can't differentiate between a benign or Malignant tumor and thus isn't 100% accurate. However, mammography detects over 90% of all breast cancer however a negative mammography doesn't necessarily indicate its lack. Mammography and clinical evaluation are complementary and if there's strong suspicion of a palpable lesion, the only way to make a positive identification is by having a biopsy.

The American Cancer Society states that women of 40 to 49 years old should receive screening mammograms every one or two decades.

However The dangers of any screening intervention have to be assessed as closely as the positive aspects. The excess risk for breast cancer due to radiation has been raised with a younger age of the girl at vulnerability and increasing cumulative radiation dose. However, the benefits of mammography still significantly outweigh the danger of radiation-induced breast cancer.


During A clinical breast examination, the physician checks the breasts and underarms for lumps or other changes that might be a symptom of breast cancer. Examination ought to be carried out in both the upright and supine positions. Among the best predictors of appraisal precision is the period of time spent with the examiner.

is uncertain. The results of several large studies have convincingly demonstrated the effectiveness of CBE when coupled with mammography as screening for breast cancer in women older than age 50 years. Annual CBEs should be carried out on women 40 years old and older.


A Systematic examination with a woman where she uses her hands to feel for changes in her breast form and fluid discharge from the nipple so as to detect any abnormalities. It's ideally carried out each month. Estimates differ, but 80 to 95 percent are first found as a lump by the individual. Intuitively it follows that regular breast self-examination as a complementary screening modality maybe together with mammography can help detect some cancers at an earlier stage, when the prognosis is more favorable.

If a lump is found, however, is critical to determine as rapidly as possible if it's cancerous or not. There are now several epidemiologic studies suggesting that survival is increased in women practicing breast self-examination and that cancers detected by breast self-examination are usually smaller.

Treatment

Once Breast cancer has been discovered, it's staged. Through staging, the physician can tell whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to what parts of the body. More tests may be conducted to help determine the stage.

The Choice of therapy for breast cancer is dependent upon a woman's age and overall health, in addition to the type, the stage, and location of the tumour, and whether the cancer has stayed in the breast or has spread to other areas of the body. There are a range of treatments, but those girls choose most frequently - alone or in combination - are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.

Standard Cancer treatments are usually designed to surgically extract the cancer; prevent cancer cells from getting the hormones they need to survive and develop through hormone treatment; utilize high-energy beams to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors via radiation treatment and use anti inflammatory drugs to kill cancer cells through chemotherapy.

However, the Current view holds that cancer is a systemic disease involving a complex spectrum of host-tumor connections, with cancer cells spread through the bloodstream, and so variations in regional or local therapy are not likely to influence a patient's survival.

For women with Early-stage breast cancer, one frequent available remedy is a lumpectomy combined with radiation therapy. A lumpectomy is operation that keeps a woman's breast. In a lumpectomy, the surgeon removes only the tumor and a little bit of the surrounding tissue. The survival rate for a woman with this treatment plus radiation is comparable to that for a woman who chooses a radical mastectomy, which is complete removal of a breast.

Other areas of the breast - therapy may involve a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Doctors first shrink the tumor with chemotherapy and then eliminate it through surgery. Shrinking the tumor before surgery may permit a girl to avoid a mastectomy and maintain her breast.

As the bone or lung, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy may be used to destroy cancer cells and control the disease. Radiation treatment may also be helpful to control tumors in other areas of the body.

Because 30 percent of breast cancer recur, the National Cancer Institute recommends all women with breast cancer to have chemotherapy or hormone therapy after surgery, even if there's absolutely not any evidence that the cancer has spread. Such systemic adjuvant treatment, as it's called, can prevent or delay about one-third of recurrences.


Breast Cancer can't be completely avoided, but the risk of developing advanced disease can be significantly reduced by early detection.

Several Medications are now available to treat or protect against breast cancer. Chemopreventive agents like Tamoxifen and Raloxifene act to protect against the progression of breast cancer by disrupting the process of initiation and promotion of tumors. The antiestrogenic effect of these agents seems also to contribute to growth inhibition of cancerous cells. Chemoprevention is the most promising intervention for achieving primary prevention right now.

Tamoxifen

Tamoxifen Is a non-steroidal antiestrogen using a partial estrogen agonist effect. It's FDA-approved, and is currently used for estrogenreceptive cancer patients and also for high-risk people that are still menstruating and generating appreciable estrogen.

Provided by mouth, it might Increase the chance of stage I endometrial cancer and also can worsen vaginal dryness and hot flashes. Tamoxifen may be less effective as a preventative agent in women with a powerful family of breast cancer.

Raloxifene

Raloxifene The incidence of estrogen receptor positive invasive breast cancer was decreased by 76% among women treated with either dose of raloxifene in 40 months of follow-up moment.

Also, there are recent studies that connect low Prevalence of breast cancer with different environmental factors, particularly diet. 1 food known to be cancer preventative is soy (found in foods such as tofu, tempeh, soy milk and vegetarian meat substitutes), but there isn't any obvious evidence for this supposition. Consuming more fruits and vegetables, eating less red meat (maybe substituting soy protein) and preventing cholesterol (olive oil has non-e) can also help in preventing breast cancer.

A chemical Prevent estrogen-related breast cancer. Another possible preventive Measure is routine use of regular doses of anti-inflammatory drugs such As aspirin and aspirin two or more times weekly.